132 SPECIAL BACTERIOLOGY 



Modes of Infection and Course of the Disease. According to 

 M. Nocard, the only means of experimentally obtaining miliary tubercles 

 in the lungs of horses identical with those found in cases of natural 

 glanders, is to cause the animal to ingest virulent matter, cultures, or pus. 



Prieur, according to Nocard, gives the most complete and most lucid 

 dissertation of the actual state of our knowledge of the farco-glanderous 

 affection (Veterinary Itecord, 505, 1898). 



The author concludes thus : 



' 1 . The glanders virus commonly gains entrance into solipeds by 

 means of the alimentary canal. 



'2. Experimental glanders, determined in solipeds by the glanders 

 virus, evolves exactly as clinical glanders. 



' 3. Translucid tubercles are of a glanderous nature. 



' 4. Certain forms of cutaneous glanders may in man be cured by 

 the means of very energetic and rapidly instituted treatment. 



1 5. Certain cases of pulmonary glanders are in the horse capable of 

 cure by the effect of the sole force of the economy aided by a special 

 hygiene. 



' 6. The difference of curability in man and the horse results from the 

 ordinary mode of contamination of each species. In man cutaneous 

 glanders is an incursive glanders (inoculation), of which one may with 

 success endeavour to arrest the invading march. Cutaneous glanders in 

 the horse, on the contrary, is a recursive glanders infection, the manifes- 

 tations of which indicate defect of the economy. 



( 7. The employment of mallein is the sole means of diagnosis which 

 we have at our disposal in those cases of glanders exempt from clinical 

 signs. 



f 8. An animal which having presented a complete reaction to mallein 

 and does not react again after a variable number of injections of the 

 reagent, may be considered as cured. 



' 9. Rigid application of the rules of sanitary police remains the most 

 efficacious measure of opposing the development of glanders in man and 

 animals.' 



Schiiltz, in his recent work on the Experimental Pathology and 

 Pathological Anatomy of Glanders, formulates the following conclusions 

 (Veterinary Record, 502, 1898): 



' 1 . Primary pulmonary glanders is not developed in consequence of 

 the introduction of the specific bacilli into the alimentary canal. 



' 2. The existence of primary pulmonary glanders has not yet been 

 demonstrated. 



' 3. The grey and translucid granulations of the lungs of horses are 

 not glanderous, but simply inflammatory lesions provoked by a parasite 

 that can determine similar lesions in the kidneys. 



' 4. The equine pulmonary glanderous tubercle is a nodule hepatiza- 

 tion which undergoes a special disaggregation (chromatotexis). 



