BACTERIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF GLANDERS 133 



' 5. Old glanderous granulations contain giant-cells. 



' 6. Glanderous granulations do not calcify, whereas parasitic granu- 

 lations do.' 



It is evident from the above extracts, and the contradictory nature of 

 the same, that the question of the mode of the entry of the glanders 

 virus in solipeds is still open. 



In man, where the virus enters, a local swelling appears, which 

 spreads quickly, accompanied with suppuration and cording of the 

 neighbouring lymphatics. Multiple abscesses are next formed in the 

 skin, muscles, and internal organs, and there are often suppurative 

 changes in the joints ; at this stage the disease resembles pyaemia. 

 Characteristic glanders nodules appear in the mucous membranes, 

 particularly in the nose, which soon disintegrate, forming ulcers. Death 

 is caused by general infection, carried by means of the lymph 

 circulation. 



Heredity. Loffler observed a female guinea-pig which resisted 

 a glanders inoculation, and five months after being inoculated gave 

 birth to one young one, which at birth seemed perfectly healthy, but 

 died in a week from glanders of the viscera. 



BACTERIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF GLANDERS- 

 METHOD OF STRAUSS. 



Inoculate a male guinea-pig in the peritoneal cavity with a 

 solution of the suspected material or culture, making the inoculation 

 direct in the middle line of the abdomen, otherwise other bacteria 

 may be introduced into the vesiculae seminalis, and cause orchitis, etc., 

 or introduce a piece of the suspected tissue. If the material 

 inoculated is from a genuine case of glanders, the testicles commence 

 to swell in thirty hours, and the skin over them becomes hypersemic, 

 shiny, and finally desquamates, evidence of the formation of pus 

 appears, and the purulent orchitis often breaks through the skin. 

 The diagnostic symptom is the tumefaction of the testicles. 



Mallein. This consists of the filtered products of the glanders 

 bacillus, a group of compounds bearing a similar relation to glanders 

 that tuberculin bears to tuberculosis. It is prepared from old glycerine 

 bouillon cultures of the glanders bacillus by steaming them for several 

 hours in the sterilizer, or in the autoclave for fifteen minutes at 115 C., 

 and filtering through unglazed porcelain, the filtrate being concentrated 

 one-sixth its volume, and mixed with an equal volume of J per cent, 

 solution of carbolic acid. This yields an active mallein, the dose being 

 1 c.c., and it gives good reactions. 



