134 SPECIAL BACTERIOLOGY 



The Diagnosis of Glanders with Mullein, according to Hunting, vide 

 Veterinary Record) December 4th, 1897. ' With mallein diagnosis is easy, 

 and in ninety-nine out of a hundred cases is certain. An injection of mallein 

 under the skin of a healthy horse has no effect, or at most it produces a swelling 

 as big as a watch at the point of injection. An injection into a glandered 

 horse produces two reactions, a large and painful swelling at the point oj 

 injection, and a rise of temperature to 104 or even 106 Fahr. The indica- 

 tions of mallein are not always so exact that it can be used without brains. It 

 will not do to say no horse is glandered until the temperature rises 4 and a 

 swelling appears within twenty-four hours measuring Jive inches across. Some- 

 times the local swelling is less, and sometimes the temperature does not rise 

 much. When the temperature is already 103 F. a rise may not take place at 

 all ; but in such a case a painful swelling at the point of injection is conclusive 

 evidence. In hundreds of cases I have proved the trustworthiness of mallein, 

 when no outward sign of disease existed, by post-mortem residts. In hundreds 

 of healthy horses 1 have known it used without one ill effect.' 



The above conclusions are of immense practical and diagnos tic value 

 owing to Hunting's extensive practical experience with glanders and 

 the use of mallein in London. 



M. Nocard recommends that only animals presenting clinical signs 

 reacting to the mallein test should be slaughtered. The other animals 

 should be isolated and submitted every month or two months to the 

 mallein test, and when they have supported two tests without reacting, 

 they can be placed at the free disposal of the owners, for they will then 

 have completely and definitely recovered from the glanders lesions 

 which they carried in their lungs. M. Nocard further states that 

 recovery is an occurrence far from being rare. The glanders nodules 

 found on post-mortem examination of such cases did not produce 

 disease when inoculated into susceptible animals, nor could any diag- 

 nostic cultures be obtained. 



BACILLUS ORCHITICUS. 



Found by Kutscher in the nasal discharge of a horse affected with 

 glanders. 



Microscopical Appearances. Similar to the glanders bacillus. 



Motility. Non-motile. 



Staining Reactions. With ordinary stains and by the Gram 

 method. 



Vitality. Killed by exposure to 55 C. for five minutes. 



Biological Characters. It grows on all the ordinary media except 

 milk. 



