150 SPECIAL BACTERIOLOGY 



other causes other than Koch's bacillus of tuberculosis. The etiology 

 of pseudo-tuberculosis is remarkably manifold. The following are 

 known as causal factors of pseudo-tuberculosis : 



1. Inanimate foreign bodies. 



2. Animal parasites. 



3. Bacteria. 



4. Vegetable parasites. 



These pseudo-tuberculoses caused by foreign bodies can be pro- 

 duced easily with all kinds of substances, but are not transmissible 

 from animal to animal. 



The pseudo- tuberculosis produced by animal parasites is only 

 found in the lower animals. In the cat it is caused by the Ollulanus 

 tricuspis ; in the sheep by the Pseudalms ovis pulmonalis ; in the calf 

 by the Strongylus refuscens ; in the dog by the Strongylus vasorum. 



Muira records the only case in man, which occurred in a patient 

 that died of beri-beri, a fibrous tubercle being found in the mesentery 

 caused by distoma eggs. 



Many cases of pseudo-tuberculosis in animals caused by bacteria 

 are mentioned, the principal being zooglceic tuberculosis, described 

 by Malassez and Vignal. 



Microscopical Appearances. - Thick, short rods, frequently 

 exhibiting cocci in the form of chains in small groups or in zooglcea. 

 Spore formation is absent. 



Staining Reactions. The reaction with the Gram method is 

 negative. Sections are best stained with Malassez's blue prepared as 

 follows : 



Two per cent, solution of carbonate of soda, - 10 c.c. 



Saturated anilin water, 5 c.c. 



Absolute alcohol, 3 c.c. 



Solution made with 9 vols. of distilled water and 1 vol. 'j 



of concentrated solution of methylene blue in 90 per > 3 c.c. 

 cent, alcohol, 



Sections remain in this solution two or three days, and are then 

 washed in water stained with methylene blue, and cleared in oil of 

 bergamot or turpentine. 



Biological Characters. On Gelatine Plates colonies develop 

 somewhat similar to those of typhus abdominalis. The medium is 

 not liquefied. 



In Gelatine Stab Cultures the growth resembles a flat nail. 



On Agar, a greyish, foetid growth. 



