BACILLUS CHOLERA COLUMBARUM 181 



Staining Reactions. Exhibits polar staining with the ordinary 

 reagents. By the Gram method the reaction is negative. 



Biological Characters. The growth is luxuriant on the usual 

 media, and very similar to the B. coli communis. 



On Potatoes it forms a brown-coloured shiny growth ; the cultures 

 give off an unpleasant-smelling gas. 



Pathogenesis. When new-born, or very young calves are fed with 

 5 c.c. of a bouillon culture, a deadly diarrhoea is produced, death occurring 

 in the course of one to two days, the bacilli being found in the intestines 

 and interior of the organs. In sections they were observed in clusters 

 in the small bloodvessels. 



BACILLUS CHOLEILE COLUMBARUM. 



This organism was found by Leclainche in an epidemic among 

 wild pigeons, and is probably a variety of the fowl cholera bacillus. 



Microscopical Appearances. Similar to those of the fowl cholera 

 bacillus, but a little larger. 



Motility. Non-motile. 

 Spore Formation absent. 



Staining Reactions. On Gelatine and A gar Media growth is 

 similar to fowl cholera bacillus. 



Bouillon is not clouded, but a flaky sediment is formed. 

 On Potatoes at 20 C. it forms a greyish-yellow layer. 



Pathogenesis. Wild pigeons are most susceptible, dying in three 

 to six days by feeding ; and in two days, when injected intravenously, the 

 symptoms manifested are drowsiness, diarrhoea, convulsions, and septi- 

 caemia. The tame pigeon is not so liable to infection. Fowls are 

 immune, also dogs and cats. Rabbits die in about eight days, and 

 guinea-pigs in about ten days, when subcutaneously inoculated. 



BACILLUS OF CHOLERA IN DUCKS. 



This organism was found by Cornil and Toupet in an epidemic 

 among the ducks in the Jardin d' Acclimation at Paris. The disease 

 was characterized by diarrhoea, feebleness, and muscular tremors, 

 resulting fatally in two to three days. 



Microscopical Appearances. Morphologically identical with the 

 bacillus of fowl cholera. 



