186 SPECIAL BACTERIOLOGY 



Pathogenesis. The results with guinea-pigs and rabbits are 

 similar to those obtained with the bacillus of fowl cholera, very virulent 

 for the rabbit, but not so virulent for the guinea-pig ; infection by 

 feeding did not succeed. Fowls and pigeons become slightly affected. 

 Other birds were not affected. A calf and a pony manifested only 

 slight lesions at the point of inoculation. The disease was produced in 

 turkeys inoculated with pure cultures, the symptoms being stiffness, 

 weakness, nasal catarrh, rattling in the throat, and then milk-white 

 evacuations. The autopsy revealed pneumonia and pericarditis. In the 

 lungs and other organs great numbers of the bacilli were present. The 

 bacillus is differentiated from that of fowl cholera by being motile, by 

 its slight action in other birds, and localization in the lungs. 



PNEUMO-ENTERITIS OF THE SHEER 



According to M. Galtier, this disease in sheep is caused by the same 

 organism as swine fever or hog cholera. It sometimes occurs in an 

 epizootic, causing great ravages in affected flocks. Outbreaks have been 

 observed when recently purchased swine, that had contracted swine 

 fever in the market pens, have been placed in sheep folds. When 

 once established, the disease transmits itself with great rapidity from 

 sheep to sheep, and it is more severe and more frequently fatal in 

 young animals. The general symptoms are lassitude, general loss of 

 vigour, high fever, and loss of rumination ; these symtoms are soon 

 followed by tymphany, foetid and exhaustive diarrhoea, quickened re- 

 spirations, mucous discharge from the nostrils sometimes tinged with 

 blood, and the special symptoms of broncho- and pleuro-pneumonia. 

 The skin and visible mucous membranes present a more or less vivid 

 red colour, sometimes mixed with hsemorrhagic spots. Abortion is 

 often observed, although the mother does not necessarily succumb to 

 the disease. The intensity of the disease varies ; it is sometimes so 

 severe that death occurs in a few hours or days, and again the attack 

 may be so slight as to be hardly perceptible. Convalescence from the 

 severe forms is always prolonged. 



M. Galtier further states that pneumo-enteritis (or swine fever), 

 which is generally considered to be peculiar to the pig, extends to all 

 farm animals, especially to the sheep, bovines, and solipeds. The disease 

 being transmitted to the foetus, calves coming from diseased cows which 

 are or have been subject to coughing, are born with the germ of the 

 disease in them, and die in a few days with the lesions of broncho- 

 pneumonia and enteritis (pneumo-enteritis of calves). Whether this 

 conclusion is correct or justified is largely open to question, as though 

 the morphology of the bacilli of the septicaemic group are very similar, 

 the predilection of the different organisms for different animals is widely 

 diverse. 



