BOVINE MALARIA 265 



BABESIA OVIS (STARCOVICI). 



This parasite is the cause of ictero-haemoglobinuria of Roumanian 

 sheep, and was also found by Bonome in an outbreak in Italy. The 

 transmission of affected blood to healthy sheep in large quantities 

 yielded, according to Babes and Bonome, no genuine reproduction of 

 the disease. 



BOVINE MALARIA. 



Celli and Santori describe a disease amongst cattle in the Roman 

 Campagna which they call cattle-malaria. The disease is characterised 

 by acute anaemia, enlargement of the spleen, emaciation, and fever. 

 Native cattle do not appear to be affected with the disease, but Swiss, 

 Lombardy, and Dutch cows are affected, and sometimes death results. 

 In the blood of the affected animals parasites were found inside the red 

 blood corpuscles, which sometimes exhibited Brownian and at other times 

 amoeboid movement. The endoglobular parasites were sometimes pear- 

 shaped and united in pairs, and identical with Smith's Pyrosoma bigeminum 

 of Texas fever. 



Celli and Santori consider this malady is probably identical with 

 diseases described by other observers, while, on the other hand, they find 

 many resemblances between this disease and human malaria. Quinine 

 administered to the affected cattle produced favourable results. 



KLOSSIA SOROR (A. SCHNEIDER). 



This parasite is frequently found in the kidneys of land and water 

 snails (Helix, Succinea, Neritina, etc.), and probably also in other 

 species. 



Microscopical Appearances. Cysts containing a large number of 

 permanent spores. Each of these mother spores divides into four to six 

 sickle-shaped embryo (or daughter spores). The sickle-shaped spores 

 are 1 to 7 ft in size, and exhibit a serpentine motility for a short time. 

 The daughter spores often increase in the epithelial cells of the kidney, 

 causing hypertrophy of the same. Sickle forms have also been observed 

 in the secretion of the kidneys. (For Photomicrograph of Klossia in the 

 liver of a snail, see Fig. 1 06.) 



PHOTOMICROGRAPHY. 



The four plates of photomicrographs produced at the end of this 

 work were made with the large Zeiss Photomicrographic Apparatus (see 



