CHAPTER I. 



RETRIBUTIVE JUSTICE NECESSARY TO GOVERN- 

 MENT. 



Jf|T HE fact of hell cannot consistently be de- 

 ^■f nied with any concise ideas of government. 



Government implies the governor and the gov- 

 erned. These complements could not hold their 

 relative positions, except by the authority of law. 

 Law is effective when its disregard involves, 

 punishment. It must be efficient enough to be 

 able to administer its retributions, when in its 

 judgment, law has been violated. Without this 

 inherent power, it is no protection nor encour- 

 agement to the lawful. 



It cannot be truthfully asserted that punish- 

 ment is usually for reformation; for punishment, 

 in many cases, is simply the desert of broken law. 

 The penalty is inflicted for the sake of the law, 

 rather than for the sake of the lawless. Twesten 

 (Dogmatik Th. 11.) says to this point : — "Pun- 

 ishment is not a proper means of reformation, 

 for true reformation can issue only from free 

 self-determination. It is voluntary in its nature. 

 But a self-determination that is brought about 



