VIOLA CE.-E. (VIOLET FAMILY.) 20 



« iStcmless, the leaves and sra/)es all from a snblirninean r oot stock : Jlower$ 

 purplish ur violet {suinetiiius while). 



1. V. palUStris, L. Smooth: routslock sh mi< r : leaves round hmrt-shtijied 

 and Lidneif-form, sliijlilly crenate : flowers small, palf lilac with fmrple streaks, nttnly 

 beardless: spur very short and olititse. — MounUiiiis of Colorado and Utah, and 

 far iiortlnvard ; also in the White Mountains of N. II. 



2. V. CUCUUata, Ait. Hootstork thick and iranvhinif, dentate: leaves 

 lonjr-pctioled, sn)ooth or ])ubesceut, cordate with a broad sinus; the lowe«t 

 often reniforni and the later acute or acuminate, crenately toothed, ihf sidrs 

 rollid inward when ijonnj) : flowers deep or pale violet or jjurple (sometimes 

 white: the lateral and oflen the lower petals Ix aided: spiir slujrt and thick. — A 

 very variable species, ranging across the continent, but sparingly reported 

 from the Koiky Mountain region of Colorado and Wyoming. 



3. V. delphinifolia, Nutt. Itootstock short and very thick, erect, not 

 scniij : leaves all palmatili/ or pedatcli/ 5 to 7 -parted : divisions 2 to .3-cleft into 

 linear lobes : flowers pale or deep lilac-purple or blue: lateral i)etals bearded. 

 — From Colorado across the plains to the Mississippi States. 



* * Leafji-stemmed, perennial from short root stocks. 



H- Leaf-bearinrj from base to summit, erect or ascending. 



-M- Flowers white or jntrple. 



4. V. canina, L., var. sylvestris, Regel. Low (3 to 8 inrhm hifjh): 

 stems mostly simple, from the base at length producing creeping brancbos- 

 leaves heart-shaped or the lowest kidney-form, crf^nf/^p ; stipules frinfjetoathrd : 

 petals light violet, the lateral ones slightly bearded : spur cylindrical, half the 

 length of the petals: stigma beaked. — The most common American variety of 

 this very variable and widely distributed species. From Colorado northward 

 and eastward. 



Var. adunca, Gray. Leaves ovate, often somewhat cordate at base. o/>- 

 scnrely crenate : spur as long as the sepals, rather slender, hook< d or cum </. — 

 Rocky Mountains and westward. 



Var. longipes, Watson. Very similar, but the stout ohtnse spur is neorli/ 

 straight. — Bot. Calif, i. 56. Same range us the last. 



'). V. Canadensis, L. Upright, l to 2 feet high: leaves cordate, pointed, 

 strratc : sii/mlis entire: petals white or whitish inside, the upper ones mostly 

 tinged with purple beneath, sometimes entirely purjjle ; the lateral ones 

 bearded: spur very shoii: stigma beakti-ss. — Colorado, Montana, Wyoming, 

 and eastward. *^ 



■M- ++ Flowers yellow, more or less veined or tintjtd with pui plr. 



6. V. aurea, Kellogg. More or less pubescent, 2 to 6 inches high : leaves 

 ovate to lanceolate, cuneate or .sometimes truncate at Ixisr, roar.t) /// crenate ; stip- 

 ules foliar o'ls, lanceolate, laciuiate: peduncles a little longer than the hares: the 

 Uj)j)cr petals more or less tinged with brown on the outside, the others veined 

 with })nrple : capsule nearly globular, pufusceut. 



Var. venosa, Watson. Alpine and more slender: flowers smaller: leaves 

 oflen purple-veined. — Bot. Calif, i. 56. F. .V/(//a////, var. venn-ia. of llayd. Hep. 

 1872. The species belongs to the Sierra Nevada and westward, while the 

 variety ranges eastward to the Wasatch and Uintas. 



