RUBIACE.^. (MADDEU FAMILY.; 127 



tire or 2-dentate iuterposed stipules: fruit and paniculate inflorescence as in 

 Galium: corolla white or pinkish, 2 or 3 lines long. — Muuntain woods, mustly 

 under coniferous trees, California ami Arizona to Washington and N. \V. 

 Wyoming. 



2. GALIUM, L. Bedstkaw. Cleavers. 



Herlis (occasionally with suffrutesceut ba^sc) with sessile leaves and small 

 flowers variously arranged. 



* Wood J at base: leaves A in the ichorls ; their margins, midrib, and angles of 

 stem destitute of retrorse hispidness or roughness: fruit hirsute with long and 

 straight {not <ii all hooked) bristles: flowers dioecious: stems low and dilf'nse. 



1. G. Matthewsii, Gray. Glabrous and smooth, paniculately nmch 

 branched, woody at base : leaves rigid, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, vein- 

 less, with stout midrib, 2 or 3 lines long or more, some of the upjier cuspi- 

 date-acute: flowers (of fertile plant) naked-paniculate: corolla barely a line 

 in diameter : bristles of immature fruit rigid, not longer than the body. — 

 Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 80. 8. W. Colorado, New Mexico, and E. California. 



« ^ Whollg herbaceous: margins and midribs of the leaves and augks of the 

 stern of en retrorse hispid or rough : bristles on the fruit more or less hooked or 

 none : flowers not dioecious. 



t- Fruit beset ivith hooked bristles : leaves 6 or 8 in a whorl. 



2. G. Aparine, L. Stems l to 4 feet long, retrorselg hispid on the angles, 

 as also on the margins and midrib of the oblanceolate or almost linear cus|)i(late- 

 acuminate leaves: peduncles ratlier long, I to 3 in upper axils or terminal, 

 bearing either solifarg or 2 or 3 pedicellate ivhife foivers : fruit not pendulous, 

 granulate-tuberculate and the tubercles tipped with bristles. — From Te.\a.s 

 to California and northward; eastward mainly as an introduced plant. 



Var. Vaillantii, Koch. Smaller, more slender: leaves seldom an inch 

 long: flowers usually more numerous : fruit smaller, hirsute or hispidulous. 

 — Texas to California, Montana, and British Columbia. 



3. G. triflorum, Michx. Dijfuselg procumbent, smoothish : herbage sweet- 

 scented in drying: stems a foot to a yard long: leaves in si.xes, elliptical-lan- 

 ceolate to narrowlij oblong (inch or two long), scabrous or not on the margins 

 and midrib beneath: cgmes once or twice 3-rai/ed: pedicels soon divaricate: 

 corolla yellowish white to greenish, its lobes hardly surpassing the bristles of 

 the ovary. — Across the continent. 



•«- H- Fruit ivithout hooked bristles: leaves 4 to & in a whorl. 



++ Flowers verg numerous and collected in a terminal and ample thgrsiform 



panicle: leaves in fours, 3-nervefl, blunt. 



4. G. boreale, L. Erect, a foot or two high, mostly smooth and gla- 

 brous, very leafy : leaves from linear to broadly lanceolate, often with fasci- 

 cles of smaller ones in the axils : flowers in a terminal panido : tlio uppermost 

 leaves being reduced to pairs of small oblong or oval bracts : fruit small, his- 

 pidulous, or at first canescent and soon glal)rous and smooth. — From Now 

 Mexico and California north to Arctic regions and east to Canada. 



