290 VERBENACE^. (VERVAIN FAMILY.) 



Order 58. L.E]VTIBULARIACEiE. (Bladderwort Family.) 



Herbs, grovA'ing in water or wet soil, with scapes or scapiform peduD- 

 cles simple and t)ne to few-flowered, calcarate corolla always and calyx 

 usually bilabiate, a single pair of stamens, confiuently one-celled anthers 

 Cijutiguous under the broad stigma. 



1. UTRIGULARIA, L. Bladderwort. 



Calyx 2-parted or deeply 2-lobed ; lobes mostly entire, nearly equal : upper 

 lip of strongly bilabiate and more or less personate corolla erect : filaments 

 thick, strongly arcuate-incurved, the base and apex contiguous. — Ours are 

 aquatic, with the dissected leaves, branches, and even roots, bearing little 

 bladders, which are furnished with a valvular lid, and commonly tipped with 

 a few bristles at orifice, and yellow flowers. The scapes are leafless, emersed 

 from submersed or floating leafy stems, which are free swimming and mostly 

 rootless in deep water. 



* Pedicels recurved in fruit. 



1. U. vulgaris, L. Stems long and rather stout, dense! j/ leaf//: leaves 2 

 to 3-pinnate[/j divided, very bladdery : scapes afoot or less long, 5 to l&foicered : 

 corolla half inch or more broad, Avith sides of lips reflexed ; palate prominent : 

 spur conical, porrect toward the slightly 3-lobed lower lip. — From Newfound- 

 land to the Saskatchewan and Texas, and westward across the continent. 



2. U. minor, L. Leaves scattered on the filiform stems, repeatedl/j dichoto- 

 mous, small, setaceous : scapes slender, 3 ^o 7 inches high, 2 to ^fiowered: corolla 

 pale yellow, 2 or 3 lines broad, ringent ; palate depressed : spur very shoH and 

 obtuse. — Across the continent. 



* * Pedicels erect in fruit. 



3. U. gibba, L. Branches delicate, root-like: leaves sparse, sparingly 

 dissected, capillary, sparinprly bladder-bearing: scape filiform, 1^ to 3 inches 

 high, 1 to 2-flowered : corolla 3 lines broad ; the lips broad and rounded : spur 

 thick and conical, shorter than the lower lip and approximate to it. — In a 

 subalpine pond in Colorado, Greene. Also in the Atlantic States. 



Order 59. VERBEWACE^. (Vervain Family.) 



Herbs or shrubs, with cliiefly opposite or verticillate leaves, no stip- 

 ules, bilabiate or almost regular corolla, mostly didynamous stamens, 

 single style with one or two stigmas, an undivided 2 to 4-celled ovary. 

 — In ours the inflorescence is simple, commonly spicate or capitate with 

 flowers alternate, and the leaves are simple. 



1. Verbena. Calyx narrow, tubular, plicately 5-anglp.d, 5-toothpfl. Corolla salverform ; 



tlie limb somewhat equally or unequally 5-lobed. Fruit sepai-ating into 4 nutlets. 



2. Liippia. Calyx ovoid, oblong-campanulate or compressed and biearinate, 2 to 4-cleft or 



toothed. Limb of corolla oblique or bilabiate, 4-lolied. Fruit separating into 2 

 nutlets. 



