CONIFERiE. (PINE FAMILY.) 431 



maly on the lower surface, close to the epidermis of which are the two lateral 

 resin-ducts. 



1. P. Douglasii, Carr. A large tree, 150 to over .300 feet high, G to 

 15 feet in diameter, with very thick browu deeply fissured bark : leaves dat, 

 linear, 8 to 12 liues or more long: cones 2 to 4 inches long, subcylindrical ; 

 bracts more or less exserc and spreading or reflexed, giving a fringed aj>- 

 pearauce to tlie coues : seeds triangular, on the upper side convex and red- 

 dish brown, ou the lower flat and white, 3 lines long. — Abies Duu(/lasii, 

 Liudl. Throughout the Kocky Mouutaius aud those of California, reaching 

 Its greatest proportions in Oregon. 



4. PICE A, Link. Spruce. 



Tall pyramidal trees, with white soft tough timber : leaves spirally ar- 

 ranged around the branchlets, or somewhat 2-rauked. 



1. P. Engelmanni, Eng. A tall pyramidal tree, 60 to 100 feet liigli, 

 with horizontal branches; bark thin, seal//, reddish or pnrplish-brown ; branchlets 

 pubescent: leaves 6 to 15 lines long: fertile aments 9 to 10 //wes long, dark pur- 

 ple: cone solitary, ovate-ci/lindric, about 2 lines long, reddish brown; scales 

 obovate-rhombiCf subtruncate or eniarginate, erase. — Abies Enyelnianni, Pan-y. 

 In the mountains from New Mexico to Montana aud Oregon, forming exten- 

 sive forests. 



2. P. pun gens, Eng. Of strictly conical growth, with spreading 

 branches; bark thick, smooth, and graij, in older trees becoming very thick, 

 hard and ridged; branchlets smooth and shining: leaves 6 to 12 lines long, 

 7uore pungent: fertile aments 15 to 20 lines long, with pale shining rounded scales: 

 cones abundant, solitary or clustered, cijUndricol, drooping, 2^ to 5 inches long, 

 light brown ; scales ovcd or suhrhombic, more or less elongated above, undulate 

 and retuse. — The form in the Rocky ^Mountains heretofore called Abies Mm- 

 ziesii, which latter has a much more northwestward range and now bears the 

 name Picea Sitdiensis, Carr. Commonly called '* Balsam." 



6. PIN US, Tourn., Link. Fixe. 



Trees, usually not so large as in the preceding genera, nor often of such 

 pyramicial liabit, with wood of the greatest value : primary leaves (only on 

 seedlings aud young shoots) flat, subulate and serrulate ; the secondary in bun- 

 dles, needle-shaped, terete, semiterete, or triangular, depending on the number 

 in a bundle. 



§ 1. Scales slighth) if at all thickened at the end and n-hollif destitute of prickle 

 or point: leaves in fves, with resiyi-ducts close to the epidermis, their shiaths 

 loose and deciduous : cones subterminal. — Stuobus. In ours the leaves are 

 entire or nearly so, and the cones subsessile. 



1. P. flexilis, James. A tree about 60 feet high and 3 to 5 feet thick, 

 with furrowed gray bark: leaves 1^ to 2 inches long: cones oval to subcylin- 

 dric, 3 to 5 inches long, light brown, with somewhat squarrose scales. — 

 Long's Exped. ii. 27. In the mountains from New Mexico to Montana and 

 westward. 



