98 RURAL ECONOMY IN YORKSHIRE IN 1641. 



barres, and lined the penne quite through on the inside, turn- 

 inge tlie upside of the barres downewards ; and this was be- 

 cause the himbes should not gette forth ; then the first thinge 

 the shepheard did hee wente into the penne and pulled of all 

 woll that was loose or beginninge to loosen ; and this was putte 

 in the poake, and brought hoame, and washed att the dyke, and 

 layd out to dry in the sunne, and lapped up in the fleeces when 

 wee clipped. In libbinge, the shepheard that libbeth standeth 

 on the outside of the penne ; and hee that holdeth them within, 

 and soe tuminge theii-e bellyes upwards, hee letteth theire but- 

 tockes rest on the barres and theire heads leane against 

 his brest, and puttinge a forelegge and an hinder legge 

 togeather, hee holdeth in eyther hand two feete ; and soe 

 hee that lil)beth, pvitteth the pointe of his knife under the codde 

 and slitteth the codde upwards in two places, and then drawinge 

 or crushinge downe the stones to the mouth of the holes, hee 

 taketh holde of the ende of the stones with his teeth and draw- 

 eth them out, and with them commeth a stringe which aWII 

 drawe out without cuttinge ; and then, soe soone as hee hath 

 done, hee putteth a little of his tansey-salve in eyther hole ; 

 then one of us standeth by with a peece of chalke, or else with 

 a knife wee nicke on a spell ho we many cleane weathers and 

 howe many riggons ; and unlesse wee Ci\n come att both the 

 stones wee lette them goe and neaver geld them att all, because 

 that if they have both theire stones they shall be able to gette 

 a lambe, and soe good for somethinge ; yett if they bee dodded 

 wee perhapps take away that one stone, and soe may they come 

 to goe of in counte for weathers. Our fold stood this yeare on 

 the Spellowe flatte : our shepheard took three lande - and an 

 halfe downe with him att a time, and soe made an ende of the 

 flatte att twice goinge up and twice comminge do^vne : this 

 flatte was not fallowed till the middle of June, and then with 

 sixe plowes dispatclied in two dayes.' Yow are neaver to hange 



» It would appear that this fallow was only ploughed once; and such is the mo- 

 dem practice, when barley is to follow turnips, or other green crop, eaten down bv 

 sheep. Hut on page 17 our author tells us he always set the fold on lands which 

 were to receive r}-e or maslin. A summer fallow for wheat or rye will now be 

 ploughed several limes, the clods turned with a hea\-j' horse drag, and then har- 

 rowed. I add a few notices of the ancient practice as to fallows, and their prices. 

 " 1G78, 11 acres of fallow for twice ploughing, 1/. l-l*. 6</.; 1666, o acres of land 

 twice ploughed for barley, and barley fit to sow there, 71. 10«. ; 1683, 3 acn'S 3 roods 

 of summer fallow three times ploughing, 15s.; 1631, for ploughing an acre and a 

 half of land four times, 6». ; 1679, 13 acres of summer fallow four times ploughed, 

 41. Gs. S(l.; 1683, 4 acres of fallow manuring and five times plougliing, and the 

 hemp green, 3/. 13s. id. ; 1698, 4 acres and a half of manured fallows, 7/. 10s. 5 

 acres of unmanured fallows, 51. 5s. ; 1767, 6 acres of fallow making, 6/. 6s." 1568, 

 22 acres of siuiimer faugh barley, 20/. ; 1580, 16 acix-s of winter faugh, verv coarse, 

 8/. ; 30 acres of summer faugh barley, 30/. ; 1618, one acre of summer faugt, 20s. 



