A MANUAL OF BOTANY 83 



Character of work. All drawings ought to be made with 

 well-sharpened and medium-hard pencils, or, preferably, with 

 a fine pen and India ink; the outline should be clear, dis- 

 tinct, and accurate ; every important feature should be prop- 

 erly and neatly labeled; and all written work ought to be 

 in good l)lack ink. In everything the standard should be 

 accuracy, completeness, and )ieat appearance. 



Preliminary work. Study the compound microscope by the 

 aid of the book furnished. Examine permanent preparations 

 given to you, and make sketches to show each as it api)ears 

 under the microscope. The preparations may be mounted 

 letters, plant cells of various kinds, fibers of other materials. 

 The object of this work is to familiarize you with the use 

 of the compound microscope, and to practically apply what 

 you have learned. 



SECTION II. FALL FLOWERS 

 (Introductory Work) 



1. The Nasturtium or Other Simple Flower 



Various species of plants, preferably simple forms, as Bouncing 

 Bet, geranium, or nasturtium, may be used for this study. The 

 nasturtium is particularly good, because of its abundance and the 

 large size of its parts. Tiie entire plant ought to be used. 



Place of growth. In the study of a particular plant the 

 first step is to observe its place of growth and the character of 

 the soil ; that is, whether it is wild or cultivated, whether 

 the locality is wet or dry, and finally, whether the soil is 

 sandy, clayey, black and loamy, or has other peculiarities. 

 This peculiar place of growth is the habitat and is the first 

 subject to be investigated in the study of any plant, as it has 

 much infiuence on form and structure. 



Associations. If flowers are wild, they may grow in little 

 communities by themselves, or they may be moi-e or less 

 intermixed with plants of other kinds. These pure or mixed 



