150 REPRESENTATIVE PLANTS 



grains ? Why do the grains have wings ? In the older bot- 

 anies, these sporophylls are called stamens, and the sporangia 

 anthers ; hence the term used above, " staminate sjjorojyhylV 



Pistillate inflorescence. Examine the "pistillate inflor- 

 escence." Where is it situated ? What is the size and ap- 

 pearance of the small cone ? Is it erect or nodding ? Study 

 the scale arrangement. "What name would you apply to the 

 scale ? Examine the scale sporangia (here called megaspo- 

 raiujia). How many are there ? How many spores in each 

 sporangium? Examine a "cone of the first year." What 

 is its size and position ? Is it erect or nodding ? Why is 

 there a difference in position of the megasporophyll cone 

 and the yearling cone ? Examine a mature cone and ob- 

 serve its form and scale arrangement. Where is it situated 

 with reference to the apical bud ? Examine an opened cone 

 and find the seeds. Are they freely exposed to the air 

 (naked) or are they entirely inclosed in a seed container of 

 some sort? How do the seeds escape from the cone? Re- 

 move a seed and notice the peculiarities. Observe the wing. 

 What purpose has it ? (Throw a seed up into the air and 

 watch it fall.) How many seeds are there in a scale ? How 

 many to a cone ? 



Drawings. Make drawings of the following : 



1. Pine spray to show leaf number. 



2. Dwarf branch with leaves (each species). 



3. Leaf portion {m) to show stomates. 



4. Leaf section (Ip). 



5. Stem section (Z^)). 



G. Long and cross section of pine wood (Jp). 



7. Staminate sporophyll cone. 



8. Pollen (/|7). 



9. Pistillate cones of all stages. 

 10. Seed. 



Other work. Read about the pines. Where do they grow ? 

 What agency is necessary to enable pines to carry out their 



