154 REPRESENTATIVE PLANTS 



twig ? In liow many directions from the twig do the leaves 

 project ? What do you notice concerning the odor ? 



Examine a leaf. What shape has it ? Is it flat, round, 

 or angular in section ? Examine for a midrib. Observe 

 the color of the two surfaces, upper and lower. If the two 

 species are at hand, place side by side for comparison of 

 color, leaf size, odor, and other features. 



Cones. Examine mature cones of each tree and observe 

 their peculiarities. Can you tell the trees apart by their 

 cones ? Examine the seeds. 



Drawings. Draw sprays, single leaves {m), leaf sections 

 (??i), and cones. 



Uses of. Read about hemlock and balsam fir, seeking to 

 discover all possible uses for these trees. What connection 

 has balsam with the paper pulp industry ? Read about, in 

 particular, the tanning of leather and the connection of 

 hemlock with this important industry. What effect on 

 animal tissues has tannic acid ? What sort of lumber does 

 hemlock make ? Compare with pine. Is it more or less 

 valuable ? 



Type 5. Juniper {cornmon') and Red Cedar 



Material for study. The trees are not very common in 

 cultivation, and it may not be possible to obtain fresh mate- 

 rial except in favored locations, as there are many regions 

 where the trees do not grow wild. Where obtainable, how- 

 ever, they are fine forms for study. 



Sprays and leaves. Examine the spray of leaves. Ob- 

 serve the general appearance of the twig. What shape has 

 the individual leaf ? What is its size ? What do you find 

 regarding size ? Are they all of one size ? How are the 

 leaves arranged ? on the twig ? On contact with the skin, 

 what do you notice as to the leaf points ? 



Cones and fruits. Examine the microsporophyll cones, if- 



