103 



feet high: root-leaves loiig-petioled, palnialely 8 to 7-partecl, the 

 divisions mostly sharply cut and serrate, the teeth more or less 

 mucronate-tipped; caulinc leaves similar, short-petioled or sessile: 

 umhels ii regular, one to few-rayed, with involucre of few leaf-liUc 

 or small bracts, and involucels of few small bractlets: Howers 

 greenish-yellow, sterile ones numerous and long-petlicelled : fruit 

 sessile, prickly all over, y^ to 2 lines long; the styles longer than 

 the prickles: seed-face plane or slightly convex. ( Fig. lOl.) 



Throughout the eastern United States and Caiuuhi. and westwmd to 

 th<> llocky Moinitains, Fl. May to August. 



Var. Canadensis Torr. Fl. U. S. 8(VJ. Differs only in its 

 comparatively few short-pedicelled sterile flowers, and st\ les 

 shorter than the prickles. — 6". Canadensis L. 



With tlie last, but extending westward only as tar as Minnosotii anil 

 Missouri. 



In studying all our species ot Sanirula it becomes apparent that the 

 characters which have been nsed to separate .S. Mdrifhuidictt from S. Car.- 

 (nUnsiH are not specific. They can always be separated, but the distinc- 

 tions are only varietal. This .species is A'ery closely allied to S. Europira 

 L., and forms from the mountaiim of Georgia, considered by Dr. Chapman 

 as representing a new species, can scarcely be separated from it. If our 

 species is to be kept separate from the European one. the differences are 

 simply continental, such as slight differences in habit and fruit structure. 



* * facipc species : oil -tubes irre<:;iilar in iiidiiber a)id dis- 

 tribution. 



t Mature fruit pedirelled : leaves pahuaiely divided. 



'.*. S. arctopoides Ih.ok. .V Arn. Hot. IJccchy, 141 and 8-17. 

 Stems \ cry siiorl, from thickened rootstocks, bearing a tuft of 

 leaves and several (often much longer) di\crgent scape-like 

 branches 2 to 8 inch-js long, each bearing an umbel of 1 to 8 elon- 

 gated rays: leaves deepl\- palmatelv 8-lobed, the cuneate divisions 

 once or twice laciniatcK cleft, uisseclcd with lanceolate acute 

 spreading segments: involucrr of 1 or '.* siniilai- leaf-like bracts; 

 unibellets large, 8 to ♦'» lines in diameter, w ith conspicuous invol- 

 ucels of 8 to Yl narrowK oblanceolate mostU entire bractlets: 

 flowers yellow: f i uit short pedicellate, ]'_; lines long, naked at 

 base, with strong i)rickles abo\e: seed-face almost plane. (Fig. 105). 

 On (he piaiiis and dry liillsidi's in ("alifoini.i. .iliout San Franci.sco and 



