ILLUSTRATIONS. 



XI 



FIG. 

 82. 



83. 



84. 



85- 



86. 

 87. 

 88. 

 89. 

 90. 

 91. 

 92. 



93- 



94. 



95- 

 96. 



97- 

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100. 



loi. 



102. 



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106. 



107. 

 108. 

 109. 

 no. 

 II I, 



112 



Bucephalus nose-band ..... 



Curb reversed ....... 



Chin-strap with hooks at each end . 



Action of unjointed snaffle on horse's mouth . 



Nutcracker action of jointed snaffle on horse's mouth 



Groom on Leicestershire hunter 



Kalmuck on Russian remount .... 



Cheek of snaffle connected to cheek-piece of bridle 

 Snaffle with cheeks solidly connected to mouth-piece 

 Action of curb as a lever ..... 



View of under surface of lower jaw . 

 Action of a curb which has no curb-chain . 

 Properly constructed curb for ordinary hunter . 

 Angle made by the cheeks of a curb, when the reins 

 are taken up ..... . 



Side view of curb which has its port inclined forward 

 at an angle of 45° ..... 



Curb-chain covered with india-rubber tube 

 „ „ with hooks ..... 



Ordinary curb-hook . . . ... 



Patent " circle curb-hook "... * 



Standing martingale buckled to caveson nose-band 



„ rings of a snaffle 



Cheshire martingale ....■• 



Maximum length of standing martingale . 



Minimum „ „ „ „ . . 



Improvising a standing martingale by means of 

 running one ....-•• 



Lord Lonsdale's registered running martingale . 



A " web martingale "..... 



Natural position of head in canter 



Measuring minimum length of running martingale 



Lish martingale or " spectacles "... 



Running martingale improvised by means of a 

 branched standing martingale and two rings . 



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