MARTINGALES. 



89 



The following varieties of martingales are employed : 

 I. The standing martingale or fixed martingale, which is 

 fixed either to the nose-band, or to the rings of the snaffle. 

 In the former case, the martingale is generally attached as in 

 Fig. loi. In the latter case, we have the three following 

 kinds of arrangements : (a) a long strap and a short cross-piece 



Fig. 103. Cheshire Martingale. 



(Fig. 102) ; (b) a long strap which is divided at the bridle 

 end into two branches (Fig. 112); and (c) the Cheshire 

 martingale (Fig. 103), which consists of two branches that 

 are connected with the breast-plate near their junction. The 

 Cheshire martingale appears to be the outcome of an attempt 

 to unite a standing martingale and a breast-plate into one 



