DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE OEGANS. 17 



one of the molars is found to be carious, it should be extracted. 

 When the crown of the tooth has been destroyed and only the stump 

 or root is left, extraction is impracticable. In case the animal has 

 special value the root stumps may be removed by a veterinarian by 

 the operation of trephining; otherwise, it is best to sell the animal to 

 the butcher. 



ACTINOMYCOSIS OF THE JAWBONES (BIG JAW OR LUMPY JAW). 



[See Actinomycosis, p. 438.] 



INFLAMMATION OF MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF MOUTH (STOMATITIS). 



The membrane of the mouth majr become inflamed by eating some 

 irritating substance or plant, or little vesicles may form in the 

 mouths of calves when the}^ are affected with indigestion, constitu- 

 ting what is termed aphtha, 



Syrnptoms. — The saliva dribbles from tlie mouth, and when the 

 mouth is examined the surface of the tongue and other parts appear 

 red and inflamed. When young animals are affected Avith the form 

 of disease termed aphtha, small red elevations are observed on the 

 tongue and other parts of the mouth, having little white points on 

 their centers, which consists of the epithelium of the mucous mem- 

 brane raised into vesicles. These Avhite patches are succeeded by 

 ulcerated surfaces, which are caused by the shedding of the white 

 patches of epithelium. 



Treatment. — When there is merely a reddened and inflamed con- 

 dition of the mucous membrane of the mouth, it will suffice to syringe 

 it out several times a day with 4 ounces of the following solution: 

 Alum, 1 ounce; water, 2 pints. When the edges of the tongue and 

 other parts of the mouth are studded with ulcers, they should be 

 painted over once a day with the following solution until the affected 

 surface is healed: Permanganate of potassium, 20 grains; water, 1 

 ounce. When indigestion is associated with an ulcerated condition 

 of the mouth, separate treatment is required. 



ULCERATIVE STOMATITIS (OR ULCERS IN THE MOUTHS OF YOUNG CALVES). 



[See Necrotic stomatitis, p. 462.] 



MYCOTIC STOMATITIS (SORE MOUTH). 



[See p. 537.] 



INDURATION OF THE TONGUE (ACTINOMYCOSIS). 



[See Actinomycosis, p. 438.] 



DISEASES OF THE PHARYNX AND GULLET. 



PHARYNGITIS (SORE THROAT). 



Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the 

 pharynx. It is frequently associated with inflammatory diseases of 

 the respiratory tract, such as laryngitis and bronchitis or pleurisy. 

 33071°— 16 — -2 



