18 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



Synvptoiros. — The muzzle is dry and the saliva dribbles from the cor- 

 ners of the mouth : the animal swallows with difficulty or not at all, 

 and holds its neck in a stiff, straight position, moving it as little as 

 possible. The eyelids are half closed, the white of the eye is bloodshot, 

 and the animai occasionally grinds its teeth. After masticating the 

 feed the animal drops it out of its mouth as if to avoid the pain of 

 swallowing, and also evinces pain when pressure is applied externally 

 on the pharynx and tries to prevent the pressure from being applied. 



Causes. — Pharyngitis may be produced by a sudden cooling of the 

 surface of the body, as when cattle are exposed to a cold wind or a 

 cold rain ; or by swallowing irritant substances. 



Treatment. — The throat should be syringed three times a day with 

 an ounce of the following solution : Nitrate of silver, 1^ drams ; dis- 

 tilled water, 1 pint. Bland and soothing drinks, such as linseed tea 

 or oatmeal and water should occasionally be offered. Diet should 

 consist of soft food, such as bran mashes with a little linseed meal 

 mixed in them. Dry hay and fodder should not be given. Fresh, 

 green grass or sound ensilage may be fed in small quantities. The 

 upper part of the throat and the space between the jaws should be 

 well rubbed once a day with the following liniment: Liquor am- 

 monia fortior, 4 ounces; oil of turpentine, 4 ounces; olive oil, 4 

 ounces; mix. "V^Tien evidence of blistering appears the application 

 of the liniment should be stopped and the skin anointed with vase- 

 line. Under the treatment described above the inflammation of the 

 throat will gradually subside and the animal will be able to swallow 

 as usual in five or six days. "VVe need hardly say that during its 

 treatment the sick animal should be kept in a comfortable stable. 



PAROTITIS. 



Inflammation of the parotid gland may arise from the inflamma- 

 tion extending to it when an ox is affected with pharyngitis or laryn- 

 gitis, or the inflammation may commence in the salivary ducts and 

 may depend on some influence the nature of which is unknown. 

 Parotitis s^'metimes arises from a blow or contusion severe enough 

 to set up inflammation in the structure of the gland. Tuberculosis 

 and actinomycosis may infrequently be characterized by the lodg- 

 ment of their parasitic causes in the parotid glands, in which case 

 parotitis maj'^ be a symptom of either of these diseases. 



Symptoms. — There is an elongated, painful swelling, beginning at 

 the base of the ear and passing downward along the posterior margin 

 of the lower jaw. The swelling is sometimes limited to one side, and 

 when both are swollen it is generally larger on one side than on the 

 other. The secretion of saliva is increased, the appetite is poor, 

 the neck is stiff, so that it is painful to raise the head, and feed is 

 swallowed with difficulty. In many cases the swelling of the glands. 



