192 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



ring on the handle, close to this joint. (PL XX, fig. 4.) A cord is 

 passed through both rings and a knot tied on its end, just back of the 

 terminal ring. The instrument, straightened out, is inserted until it 

 reaches just bej^ond the upper border of the neck, when, by dragging 

 on the cord, the movable segment is bent down on the farther side of 

 the neck, and is pushed on until it can be felt at its lower border. 

 The hand noAv seizes the knotted end of the cord beneath the lower 

 border of the neck and pulls it through while the carrier is with- 

 drawn, the cord sliding through its rings. The cord, pushed up as 

 near to the head as possible, is furnished with a running noose by 

 tying the knotted end round the other, or, better, the two ends are 

 twisted around each other so as to give a firm hold on the neck with- 

 out dangerously compressing the blood vessels. By pushing on the 

 opposite shoulder with the repeller, and assisting with the hand on 

 shoulder, breastbone, or lower border of the neck, such a change of 

 position will be secured as will speedily bring the head within reach. 

 Afterwards proceed as described above. 



These cases are always trying, but it is very rarely necessary to 

 resort to embryotomy. When absolutely required, first remove one 

 fore limb, and then, if still unsuccessful, the other, after which the 

 head can easily be secured. (See " Embryotomy," p. 200.) 



Head turned upward and hachward. — In this case the face rests 

 upon the spine ; the forefeet appear alone in the passage, but fail to 

 advance, and on examination the rounded, inferior border of the 

 neck can be felt, extending upward and backward beneath the spine 

 of the dam, and if the calf is not too large the hand may reach the 

 lower jaw or even the muzzle. (PI. XVI, fig. 5.) A repeller is 

 planted in the breast and the body of the calf pushed backward and 

 downward so as to make room and bring the head nearer to the 

 passage; or in some cases the body may be pushed back sufficiently 

 by the use of the forelimbs alone. Meanwhile the head is seized by 

 the ear or the eye socket, or, if it can be reached, by the lower jaw, 

 and pulled downward into position as space is obtained for it. If 

 the hand alone is insufficient, the blunt hooks may be inserted in the 

 orbits or in the angle of the mouth, or a noose may be placed on the 

 lower jaw, "and by traction the head will be easily advanced. In case 

 of a large fetus, the head of which is beyond reach, even when trac- 

 tion is made on the limbs, a rope may be passed around the neck and 

 pulled, while the breastbone is pressed downward and backward by 

 the repeller, and soon the change of position will bring the orbit or 

 lower jaw within reach. With the above described position the 

 standing position is most favorable for success, but if the calf is 

 placed with its back down toward the udder, and if the head is bent 

 down under the brim of the pelvis, the best position for the cow is 

 on her back, with her head downhill. 



