366 DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



lyn, N. Y., in 1843. It came to New Jersey by importing affected 

 animals in 1847. Massachusetts was infected in the same way in 1859. 



South Africa was infected by a bull brought from Holland in 1854, 

 and Australia likewise received the contagion with an English cow in 

 1858. It is also reported as existing in various parts of the Continent 

 of Asia, but the time of its first appearance and the extent of its dis- 

 tribution are very uncertain. 



Some countries, such as Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, which had 

 been infected for only a short time, have succeeded in eradicating the 

 disease without much difficulty by slaughtering all affected and ex- 

 posed animals. Other countries long infected and in which the con- 

 tagion was thoroughly established, like Australia, South Africa, 

 Italy, France, Belgium, and parts of Germany, have labored long, 

 in some cases making no progress and in others being only partially 

 successful. Holland was one of the first of the thoroughly infected 

 countries to free itself from the contagion. 



In the United States, Massachusetts eradicated pleuropneumonia 

 during the period from 1860 to 1866. New York and New Jersey 

 made an attempt to eradicate it in 1879, but were not successful. 

 Late in 1883 the contagion was carried to Ohio, probably by Jersey 

 cattle purchased in the vicinity of Baltimore, Md., to which place it 

 had extended before 1868. From the herd then infected it was 

 spread by the sale of cattle during 1884 to a limited number of herds 

 in Illinois, to one herd in Missouri, and to two in Kentucky. The 

 alarm caused among the stock owners of the United States by this 

 widespread dissemination of a disease so much dreaded led to the 

 adoption of active measures for its control and eradication. By co- 

 operation between the United States Department of Agriculture and 

 the authorities of the affected States it was found possible to prevent 

 the further spread of the contagion and to eradicate it after a few 

 months' delay. 



In 1886 pleuropneumonia was discovered in some of the large dis- 

 tillery stables of Chicago and among cows on neighboring lots. This 

 led to renewed efforts for the complete extirpation of this disease 

 from the country. Congress in 1887 enlarged the appropriation 

 available for this purpose and gave more extended authority. Dur- 

 ing the same year the disease was stamped out of Chicago, and has 

 not since appeared in any district west of the Allegheny Mountains. 



The work of eradication was at the same time commenced in all 

 the infected States. Before the end of the year 1889 Pennsylvania, 

 Delawiire, Maryland, the District of Columbia, and Virginia had been 

 freed from the disease. More difficulties, however, were encountered 

 in the States of New York and New Jersey, on account of the larger 

 territory infected and the density of the population. The long strug- 

 gle was successful, however, and the last animal in which the disease 



