HEMOBRHAGIC SEPTICEMIA. 397 



the same symptoms as croupous pneumonia, with a frequent suffo- 

 cative cough and oppressed breathing, or dyspnea. When the in- 

 testines are involved the patient strains to defecate, and passes shreds 

 of intestinal mucus along with blood-stained feces. The urine also 

 may be tinged with blood. Finally a severe diarrhea takes place, the 

 animal becomes correspondingh'^ weak, and death takes place in 24 

 to 30 hours. Cases may die in as short a period as six to eight hours, 

 while in the pectoral form of the disease the animal ma}^ linger six 

 or eight days. Cases have been reported which became chronic and 

 in which death did not take place for a month or more. In some of 

 the cases running an acute course, symptoms of toxemia are present; 

 there is a lack of sensation of the skin, staggering gait, trembling, 

 eyes fixed, neck at times bent to one side, and the eyes showing a wild 

 expression. At times the animals appear as if in pain and look 

 around at the flanks. In the pectoral form they may stand with the 

 forelegs wide apart in evident effort to breathe more freely. Some- 

 times there is a champing of the jaws and a very free flow of glairy 

 saliva dropping from the mouth. 



The prognosis is decidedly unfavorable and 80 to 90 per cent of 

 the cases result fatally. 



Lesions. — The characteristic lesions of hemorrhagic septicemia con- 

 sist of hemorrhagic areas in the subcutaneous, subserous, and muscu- 

 lar tissues, the lymph glands, and the viscera; in fact, they are 

 distributed more or less widely throughout the body and vary in size 

 from a mere speck to the diameter of a half dollar or even larger. 

 The superficial form presents itself first as a doughy tumefaction of 

 the skin about the region of the throat, neck, dewlap, or legs, which 

 pits on pressure. This tiunefaction consists essentially of a cero- 

 gelatinous exudate into the subcutaneous and intermuscular tissues. 



Bloody extravasations may take place in subcutaneous tissues in 

 various places, but they are usually seen about the lower portion 

 of the neck. The mucous membranes and submucous tissues of the 

 mouth, tongue, pharynx, and larynx become involved in the process 

 and are greatly thickened, inflamed, and infiltrated with serum. The 

 mucous membrane becomes reddish purple, and that of the nostrils 

 may in addition show hemorrhagic spots on its surface. The lym- 

 phatic glands in this region are also swollen and infiltrated with 

 bloody serum. The salivary glands are pale and dry. The pectoral 

 type, though at times existing alone, may coexist with the cutaneous 

 form. The inflammatory edema of the mouth extends to the mucous 

 membrane of the trachea and bronchi, producing an extensive thick- 

 ening and a yellow^ish infiltration. The lung shows interstitial thick- 

 ening from the outpouring of serum into its meshes. It may become 

 pneumonic. 



