ANIMAL PARASITES OP CATTLE. 



527 



with the maintenance of clean and sanitary surroundings and lib- 

 eral feeding, will often stop losses from internal parasites, even 

 though no medicinal treatment is given. 



Medicinal treatment. — In dosing animals 

 for stomach worms it is advisable to treat 

 not only the animals which are seriously 

 affected, but the rest of the herd as well, 

 since the parasites with which they are in- 

 fested will remain as a source of reinfection 

 to the others. The cattle should be removed 

 to fresh pasture after treatmei:^;, if possible. 

 The animals to be treated should be de- 

 prived of feed for 12 to 16, or even 21, hours 

 before they are dosed, and if the bluestone 

 treatment is used should receive no water on 

 the day they are dosed until several hours 

 after dosing. In drenching, a long-necked 

 bottle or a drenching tube may be used. In 

 case the former is used the dose to be given 

 may be first measured off, poured into the 

 bottle, and the point marked on the outside 

 with a file, so that subsequent doses may be 

 measured in the bottle itself. A simple form 

 of drenching tube (fig. 21) consists of a piece 

 of rubber tubing about 3 feet long and one- 

 half inch in diameter, with an ordinary tin 

 funnel inserted in one 

 end and a piece of 



brass or iron tubing 4 to 6 inches long, of suit- 

 able diameter, inserted in the other end. In 

 use the metal tube is placed in the animal's 

 mouth between the back teeth, and the dose is 

 poured into the funnel, which is either held by 

 an assistant or fastened to a post. The flow 

 of liquid through the tube is controlled b}' 

 pinching the rubber tubing near the point of 

 union with the metal tube. It is important 

 not to raise the animal's head too high on ac- 



FiG. 20.- 



0.1 nun.. 



Larva of twisted 

 stomach worm (Hwinon- 

 chus contoitus) coiled on 

 tip of grass blade. En- 

 larged. 



Fig. 21. — A drenching tube made from an ordinary tin funnel, a piece of rubber 

 hose, and a piece of brass pipe. 



count of the danger of the dose entering the lungs. The nose should 

 not be raised higher than the level of the eyes. The animal may be 

 dosed either standing on all fours or lying on the side. 



