flexibility of its curriculum and internal structuring. One such institution 

 will boast that twenty-five percent of its scheduled courses are being 

 offered for the first time. Another will point with pride to the fact that 

 its knowledge-generating capacities have so outstripped publication that 

 its students find themselves working with unpublished research reports. 

 Concurrently, normal personal preoccupations will have been softened by the 

 value that a man's original work will largely have been accomplished during 

 the first half of his career when his conceptualization is loose and uncommitted 

 and while he is unfettered by administrative burden. Later, when his admin- 

 istrative involvement makes it more difficult for him to test the creative 

 new syntheses, he will have trained himself to encourage them in his juniors, 

 correcting recognizing that the younger men have the lead time to see these 

 new syntheses through the complicated process of theoretical reconceptualiza- 

 tion, curriculum change, and inclusion in a redefined disciplinary unit. 

 Thus the two parties have achieved a trade-off. The senior man retains his 

 intellectual vigor and professional centrality by serving as a broker for the 

 new knowledge which his younger associates are turning up, while the junior 

 party acquires the support and shelter he requires to achieve the substantive 

 output that will project him into a power position during the later years of 

 his career. 



Thus the university in the advanced sector - and the research in- 

 stitutes that have taken over the academic form - have developed an organiza- 

 tional form adequate to the task of research productivity. This form was 

 of the critical size to assure irreversibility. It has been functional in 

 that it provided the individual researcher the kind of authority relationship 

 that gave him the autonomy required in his work. But this autonomy was not 

 an unlimited one in that his output had to meet an after-the-fact test having 



