12 

 developed world needs access to technological innovation, but does every 

 underdeveloped nation need domestic access. 



This is an impelling argument and in part a correct one. Much 

 research can be done outside of the developing nation and a part of it can 

 best be done in the advanced context where facilities and personnel are more 

 abundant; but not all. There are valid reasons why an important portion of 

 the work - certainly a larger segment that is generally recognized - must 

 be done on site. Environmental differences constitute the most obvious 

 reason. Only as we have attempted to replicate them abroad, have we recog- 

 nized how complex are the production systems which we take for granted at 

 home. Complex systems that work well under one set of geographical, topographi- 

 cal or climatic circumstances, falter under another or never get off the ground. 

 Furthermore, the weighting of the factors in the system vary with local con- 

 ditions. One setting may favor capital intensity, a second labor intensity; 

 one, synthetics, another natural materials. The level of capital market 

 formation requires different strategies. Local tastes and preferences - and 

 the hard facts of circumstances of use - effect product design. Perhaps 

 most important of all in determining the health and survival capacity of 

 the complex are the institutional and interpersonal linkages by which tech- 

 nological changes are transmitted from the inventor to the user. As suggested 

 above, scientific feedback from a domestic source obviates resistance clothing 

 itself in charges of external manipulation. 



A fairly heavy input of domestic scientific research can be justi- 

 fied on purely economic terms. Sustained national growth requires the presence 

 of a corps of specialists whose task it is to chart the local circumstances 

 into which the production complex is to be set, to design modified systems 



