13 

 that make provision for these circumstances, to monitor the experience of 

 systems once they are in place, and to provide systematic feedback to the 

 practitioners who have the operating responsibility. A part of this specialist 

 corps will address itself to more fundamental problems for reasons that we 

 will suggest later, but unless the research element is operating at a fairly 

 advanced theoretical level, both its efforts and the growth processes of the 

 nation will have been compromised. 



There is a second reason why domestic scientific research directed 

 at technological innovation is important. This reason transcends economics 

 but has traceable economic consequences. It arises out of the fact that 

 technology-oriented research is not attracting its share of the corps of 

 theoreticians that is available in the underdeveloped world. Some countries 

 actually have a surplus of university-trained professionals many of whom 

 compete intensely with one another in other over-populated intellectual pur- 

 suits, some of whom waste their efforts in endless ideological recrimina- 

 tion and grow dissatisfied because their talents are under-utilized. The 

 fact is that the international science community has been unable to transmit 

 to such circles the intellectual challenge and sense of excitement and ad- 

 venture to be found in pragmatic, reality-based investigation. 



Intellectual circles in most underdeveloped countries feature an 

 intense expressed interest in modernization, a heated debate as to which is 

 the preferred route by which it might be achieved, and an absence of the 

 significant small steps by which the growth processes are triggered. This 

 may be due to a belief that, until consensus on the route to be taken is 

 achieved, no tentative one should be undertaken. The contemporary industrial 

 and political forces are viewed as ideologic power factions. To undertake 



