6 TROUT CULTURE. 



the machine to work when once stopped. For instance, 

 an eel gets under one of the valves in the night and 

 stops the machine, and has to be removed by unseat- 

 ing the valve ; this empties the pipes, which then 

 become charged with air, and it often takes some hours 

 to force this out, and to obtain a fresh supply of water. 

 Since the above was written, many improvements in 

 rams have been effected, notably by Mr. Blake, of 

 Accrington, Lancashire, of which two forms are repre- 

 sented, the first a direct action machine, forcing up 

 the water which works it : the second a ram which 

 throws pure water, but is worked by a secondary, and 

 not necessarily a pure supply. 



DIRECT ACTION RAM. 



