GRAFTING THE GEAPE. 71 



being careful not to break the graft from the stock ; fill up 

 the trench, covering the vine except the end tied up. 



Fig. 23 shows the manner of layering ; the cross line 

 shows where the vine should be cut off. All of that por- 

 tion of the young cane that is covered will throw out roots 

 the next season, and very materially assist its growth ; 

 besides, it will be firmly established upon its own roots, 

 and not dependent upon the stock for support. In the 

 above manner a whole vineyard may be changed from an 

 inferior to a superior variety in one season, and at a trifling 

 expense. It is often the case that the best varieties are 

 naturally slow growers, and the most inferior kinds the 

 stronger, so that the grafting may be beneficial not only 

 in exchanging a poor variety for a good one, but will very 

 much assist the latter in growth. 



There are many other modes of propagating the vine, 

 such as budding, summer-grafting, inarching, etc., besides 

 dozens of modes of layering and grafting ; but few of them 

 are of any practical use to the vineyardist, and none supe- 

 rior to those I have given. 



