PKUNING AND TRAINING. 143 



the arms ; if they do not, then they must be cut back a 

 second time, or until canes are produced that are strong 

 enough for arms. 



The engraving shows the vine and trellis complete, ex- 

 cept that only one arm is shown on the vines on the upper 

 tier. The posts are eight feet apart, and they may be set 

 opposite to every alternate vine, as shown, or mid-way be- 

 tween every other vine ; it is better to set them between 

 the vines, if the trellis is not built until after they are ready 

 to train, because at that time it will be difficult to set the 

 posts near the vines without disturbing the roots. 



Each vine has but two arms, and the number of upright 

 fruiting canes should be the same on each arm, the vines 

 being treated in every respect as described for the single 

 tiers. 



The vine at each end of the trellis will have but one arm, 

 whether it happen to be on the upper or lower tier. 



The trellis is represented as being seven feet high, the 

 lower bar being one foot from the ground, and the other two 

 three feet apart ; this allows of three feet growth to the 

 upright canes, which is sufficient for the strongest growers ; 

 but there are many varieties that are short jointed, for 

 which two feet will do. And in locations that are low or 

 very level, it is better to place the lower bar eighteen 

 inches or two feet from the ground, so as to insure a better 

 circulation of air among the lower leaves ; besides, in some 

 very fine soils, the fruit on the lower tier will get spattered 

 during heavy rains unless the ground is mulched. But 

 there is no need of ever making the trellis higher than 

 seven feet in a vineyard, and there is much inconvenience 

 attending the tying of the vine on a trellis the top of which 

 can not be reached while standing on the ground. 



When it is desirable to have the lower arms more than 

 one foot from the ground, and still reserve three feet space 

 for the upright canes, it may be done in this wise : place 

 the lower bar two feet from the ground, the next three 



