PRUNING AND TRAINING. 151 



way as for other modes of training, and but one cane 

 allowed to grow the first year. In the fall the vines are 

 cut off to about four feet, and laid down and covered with 

 earth four or five inches deep is usually sufficient. The 

 next spring remove the earth and straighten up the vine. 

 Build the trellis in the same manner as described for low- 

 trained vines with two arms ; that is, four feet high and 

 three feet between the bars. Fig. 53 shows the system in 

 its progressive stages. The vine on the left shows the one 

 strong cane at full length ; the next vine after it has been 

 pruned, and with the single upright bearing canes ; the 

 third vine as it appears complete at the end of the third 

 year ; the fourth vine (d) shows the same pruned and laid 

 down ready for covering. 



If good strong vines are planted, the system can be 

 brought to completion in the third season ; but strong and 

 vigorous canes must be obtained in all cases before com- 

 mencing the training. The vines are trained at an angle 

 of forty-five degrees, and the bearing canes being perpen- 

 dicular, they consequently make the same angle with the 

 vine that the vine does with the ground. 



This is the highest or greatest angle to which vines can 

 be carried without giving the upper shoots on the arms so 

 much the advantage over the lower ones that there will be 

 no certainty of the lower ones pushing into growth with- 

 out bending or otherwise distorting the canes. 



We will suppose that at the end of the first season we 

 have a vine as shown at the left of the engraving. It is then 

 laid into position as seen ; we then cut it off" at the point 

 where it crosses the perpendicular wire, leaving it an inch 

 or two beyond it, so that it can be securely tied. The cane 

 when cut off will be about four and one half feet long. It 

 may now be laid down by the side of the trellis and cov- 

 ered with earth. In the spring take up the vine and tie it 

 to the trellis ; and to be sure of getting the correct angle, 

 let the point where the cane crosses the lower bar and the 



