REVIEW OF PRUNING AND TRAINING. 



253 



about, and the fruit is more or less damaged by rubbing 

 against the leaves and vine ; when trellises are substituted 

 for stakes this difficulty is removed. Still the same objection 

 remains which exists in the single arm system that is, one 

 portion of the vine is severely checked while another is 

 allowed to grow freely. The circulation of the sap in the 

 bow becomes less rapid as the upright canes advance, and 

 the fruit upon it is only partially supplied with nutriment 

 at the time when it is most needed. Where wine is the 

 object, the bow system may answer very well, as the fruit 

 is probably hastened in maturity by the severe check that 

 is given to the flow of sap. 



Fig. 102 shows a bow system as given by Rubens. It 



Fig. 102. Fig. 108. 



is merely a multiplication of bows upon the same vine. 

 Three or four canes are grown, two of which are left at 



