REVIEW OF PRUNING AND TRAINING. 



255 



sion of years ; but any one who has ever seen a vine grow- 

 ing, must know that the upward tendency of the sap would 

 prevent the lower buds retaining their vitality upon a vine 

 of this height. 



UPRIGHT CANES 



WITH SIDE SPURS. 



I have adopted this name 

 for the want of a better, 

 and applied it to a system 

 that has been described in 

 most of our late works on 

 pomology under the name 

 of renewal system, which 

 is not very definite, as the 

 renewal part is applied to 

 so many others. 



Fig. 105 shows the gene- 

 ral form of training adopt- 

 ed in this plan. The vines 

 are started the same as for 

 the alternate renewal sys- 

 tem, but the upright canes 

 on the arms are all allowed 

 to remain at equal length, 

 say from four to six feet. 

 The vines are trained on 

 a trellis with horizontal 

 wires, which should be 

 placed about a foot apart, 

 so that the young side- 

 shoots can be conveniently 

 tied together. But two 

 upright canes are here 

 shown on each arm ; the 



Fig. 104. 



