THE DAIRY TYPE 25 



but the number of active secreting cells. An udder gland 

 filled with inert cells and fatty tissue is not effective. This is 

 illustrated by b in Fig. 12. This is a large, well-formed^udder, 

 but the cow is a very moderate milker. Her udder is nearly as 

 large after milking as before. The best type of udder has an 

 especially long attachment to the body, both in front and 

 behind. A good circulation of blood and healthy tissue is 

 indicated by the soft,, pliable skin and prominent veins. 

 Before milking the udder is naturally considerably extended; 

 after milking it should be greatly reduced in size and show an 

 abundance of loose skin and a soft, pliable texture. Fig. 

 11 shows splendid examples of well-balanced udders. 



The attachment to the body in the rear should extend well 

 up behind. Special attention should be given the fore udder, 

 as this part of the gland is especially subject to incomplete 

 development. Fig. 12 illustrates defective udders. No. A 

 in this illustration, in spite of her weak fore quarters, has a 

 large udder capacity, and is a heavy milk producer. The 

 quarters should be even in size, without deep indentations 

 between. The teats should be of proper size for conven- 

 ient milking, and evenly placed. 



For show purposes especially, the shape and symmetry 

 of the udder is especially important. From the standpoint 

 of production the essential thing is to have sufficient udder 

 capacity to admit of the secretion of a large amount of milk, 

 with teats of such size as to admit of convenient milking. When 

 a cow is dry it is impossible to judge accurately of the de- 

 velopment of her udder. However, a large number of loose 

 folds of skin, showing an abundance of room for expansion 

 when the udder is filled, may be taken as an indication that 

 the udder will develop in a satisfactory manner. The length 



