34 DAIRY CATTLE AND MILK PRODUCTION 



This may be remedied by standardizing the milk. This 

 consists in bringing it to a uniform per cent of fat by using 

 a separator and taking out some of the skim milk if too low 

 in fat, or taking out a portion of cream if above the standard. 

 The milk of the Holstein cow is well adapted for calf raising, 

 if it is desired to feed the calf whole milk. The solids not fat 

 are high in proportion to the fat, and the latter is sufficient for 

 the best results. 



Excessively rich milk is not suitable for calf rearing, as has 

 long been known by practical experience and recently con- 

 firmed by experimental work. As beef producers the breed 

 ranks high for a dairy breed. As is the case with the other 

 dairy breeds, the gains are made as rapidly and as cheaply 

 as with animals of beef breeds. The market price is always 

 lower than for animals of the beef breeds, partly as a result 

 of prejudice, but mostly on account of the smaller proportion 

 of high-priced cuts and the greater amount of offal. 



The calves are especially well adapted for veal production. 

 The average birth weight is 90 pounds, and they gain rapidly 

 during the first few weeks. This breed is not especially 

 early maturing. The heifers come into milk usually between 

 twenty-four and thirty months. The breeding qualities of 

 this breed are of a high order, being regular and sure breeders. 



The Holstein cow is adapted for rather level, rich pastures, 

 and where liberal feeding is practical. As grazers on hilly 

 or scanty pastures the breed is surpassed by the Jersey and 

 Ayrshire, especially the latter. They are heavy consumers 

 of roughness. 



The strong points of this breed are : the high average milk 

 production ; the marked vigor and strength of constitution ; 

 the strong vitality of the calves ; the good breeding qualities ; 



