66 DAIRY CATTLE AND MILK PRODUCTION 



Form and Characteristics. In size, the Ayrshires rank 

 between the Jersey and Holstein breeds. The average cow 

 weighs about 1000 pounds at maturity, while some exceed 

 this figure considerably. The bulls range from 1400 to 2000 

 pounds. The Scotch type is probably rather under these 

 figures. 



The common color is spotted red or brown and white in 

 varying proportions. In the American type the red or brown- 

 ish red usually predominates, with only a small amount of 

 white, while in the Scotch type the white predominates. The 

 two colors are distinct, and do not blend to form a roan. 

 The horns are rather long, and as a rule curve outwards and 

 upwards, and in some cases slightly backwards. The Scotch 

 type have rather heavy horns, especially with the bulls. 



In disposition they stand rather between the Jersey and 

 Holstein. They are more active and alert than the Holstein, 

 and like them are less affected by unusual surroundings than 

 some other breeds. In form the Ayrshire do not show the 

 extreme angular dairy type as exhibited by high-class Jerseys 

 or Holsteins. They are smoother over the shoulders, back, 

 and hips, and have fuller rear quarters. At the same time, the 

 barrel is large, showing great capacity, and the udder develop- 

 ment the most perfect of any breed. For many years the 

 Scotch breeders have bred especially for large, symmetrical 

 udders, and have attained this end with remarkable success. 

 The udder is attached high behind, and extends far forward, 

 with a flat, even lower surface. The teats are placed regu- 

 larly on the udder, and are of uniform size. Ayrshires are 

 regular and sure breeders. This probably results from the 

 favorable conditions under which the breed has been devel- 

 oped and from the avoidance of inbreeding. 



