DUAL-PURPOSE CATTLE 103 



Objections A rounding or flat appearance of the poll. 

 Head too long and narrow. 



Neck Of medium length, clean cut, and straight from head 

 to top of shoulder, with inclination to arch when fat- 

 tened, and may show folds of loose skin underneath when 

 in milking form 3 



Shoulder Of medium thickness and smoothly laid, coming 



up level with line of back 6 



Objections Shoulder too prominent, giving the appearance 

 of weakness in heart girth. Shoulder protruding above 

 line of back. 



Chest Broad and deep, insuring constitution. Brisket 



prominent and coming well forward 10 



Back and Ribs Back medium long, straight and level from 

 withers to the setting on of tail ; moderately wide, with 

 spring of ribs starting from the backbone, giving a rounding 

 appearance, with ribs fiat and fairly wide apart .... 14 

 Objections Front ribs too straight, causing depression 

 back of shoulders. Drop in back or loin below the top line. 



Hips Wide, rounding over the hooks, and well covered . . 3 



Quarters Of good length, full, rounding, and level ; thighs 



wide, roomy, and not too meaty 6 



Objections Prominent hooks, sunken quarters. 



Tail Tail head strong and setting well forward, long and 



tapering to a full switch 2 



Legs Short, straight, squarely placed, medium bone ... 3 

 Objections Hocks crooked, legs placed too close together. 



Fore Udder Full and flexible, reaching well forward, ex- 

 tending down level with hind udder 10 



Hind Udder Full and well up behind 10 



Teats Well placed, wide apart and of reasonably good size . 4 

 Objections Lack of development, especially in forward 

 udder. Udder too deep, "bottle shaped," and teats too 

 close together. Teats unevenly placed and either too 

 large or too small. 



Milk Veins Of medium size, full, flexible, extending well 

 forward, well retained within the body ; milk wells of me- 

 dium size 6 



Hide Loose, mellow, flexible, inclined to thickness, with a 



good full coat of soft hair 5 



Objections Thin papery skin, or wiry hair. 



Condition Healthy ; moderate to liberal flesh evenly laid 



on ; glossy coat ; animal presented in good bloom ... 10 



Total TOO 



General Description Cow medium wedge form, low set, top 

 and bottom lines straight except at flank, weight 1300 Ib. 

 to 1500 Ib. when mature and finished. 



