188 DAIRY CATTLE AND MILK PRODUCTION 



sweet until the following day, and if thoroughly cooled can be 

 kept over Sunday. In this way the calf can be fed on sweet 

 milk, and good results had with creamery skim milk. The 

 Kansas Experiment Station raised calves on such milk that 

 gained just as much and did as well as others fed milk sep- 

 arated with a hand separator and fed at once. When steri- 

 lized milk is first given to calves, they are apt to object some- 

 what; but in a few days they take it readily and do well. 

 The general experience seems to show it is less apt to produce 

 scours than is unheated milk. Every farmer who is patron- 

 izing a creamery and raising calves should insist that the skim 

 milk returned to him be sterilized. The creameries find it of 

 benefit to themselves and to their patrons to do this. Cans 

 are found to be much easier kept clean when the skim milk 

 is heated, and the condition of the milk when received at the 

 factory is considerably improved on this account. 



The Farm Separator and the Skim Milk Calf. The rapid 

 introduction of the hand separator is the feature of the times 

 in the dairy industry. It has largely solved the question of 

 getting good skim milk for calf raising, as well as having 

 several other important advantages. Warm, sweet skim 

 milk, separated within a few minutes after being drawn from 

 the cow, is in the best possible condition for the calf, and by 

 observing the points already mentioned and as practiced by 

 the most successful dairymen, little trouble will be had in 

 raising as good calves as are raised in any way. The majority 

 of those producing cream or butter for sale insist on some 

 means of raising the calf satisfactorily, and the hand separa- 

 tor seems to fill the want better than any other system. 



Importance of keeping Pails Clean. One common cause 

 of sickness in hand-raised calves is feeding from dirty pails or 



