CALF RAISING 195 



According to the New Jersey Experiment Station * one 

 of the most widely used calf meals is a complex mixture of 

 oil-cake meal, bean meal, wheat middlings, cottonseed meal, 

 carol beans, and fenugreek. The average composition of this 

 meal, which seems to be quite uniform, as found from analyses 

 made by nine experiment stations, is: protein, 25.2 per 

 cent ; fat, 4.90 per cent. Calf meals have been tested by a 

 number of experiment stations. At the Ontario Agricul- 

 tural College 2 it was found that calves fed calf meal as a sub- 

 stitute for milk in comparison with a ration of skim milk 

 did better on the latter ration. Another calf meal was 

 compared with ground oats and bran as a supplement to 

 skim milk, but the best results were secured from the grain 

 feeding. 



Another milk substitute sold widely in Europe was tried 

 in comparison with whole milk and skim milk by Moser 

 and Kappele. 3 The mixture, which consisted mostly of oil- 

 cake meal, bean meal, and corn, was found to cost one half 

 as much as whole milk, and contained only one third the 

 nutrients. Calves fed this ration gained .6 pounds per day, 

 against 1.1 pound per day on whole milk. As a supplement 

 for skim milk, the results were fairly satisfactory. 



On the whole, the calf meals that are on the market give 

 fair satisfaction as supplements to skim milk, but no better 

 than grain mixtures that can be fed at much less expense. 

 It is possible to use them as substitutes for milk in raising 

 calves after they are two or three months old; but equally 

 good results are found by feeding mixtures of grain pre- 



1 Bulletin No. 160. 



2 Ontario Agricultural College, Reports, 1900, 1905. 

 8 Landw. Jahrbuch d. Schweiz, 1903. 



