CALF RAISING 197 



means should be taken to tie them during eating. It is not 

 only a great labor-saving device, but allows each calf to get 

 its share of milk and grain. Calves should never be fed in 

 a trough, as some will drink faster than others and be overfed, 

 while others will be underfed. The same rule applies to the 

 feeding of grain. 



Stanchions for calves are made like ordinary rigid stan- 

 chions for cows, but smaller. A feed trough is put in front, 

 with divisions to keep the feed of each calf separate. The 

 pail of milk is set in the trough for the calf to drink. After 

 drinking the milk, the proper amount of grain is put in the 

 trough, and the calves left tied for some time to eat their 

 portion. This usually prevents them from forming the 

 habit of sucking each other, which is a point of some im- 

 portance. If the calves are in the pasture, a convenient way 

 is to fasten the stanchions on the fence. 



Calf stanchions are usually made from thirty-six to forty- 

 four inches high and twenty-eight inches from center to 

 center, with a space of about four and one half inches for the 

 neck. The feed trough should not be too wide ; about four- 

 teen inches is ample, with a depth of four inches where the 

 stanchions are in the pasture and the calves are not to be 

 fed hay. In the barn provision should be made for holding 

 a sufficient supply of hay. 



Scours in Calves. The most common trouble in raising 

 calves by hand is indigestion, or scours, as it is generally 

 known. The chief causes of this common trouble, as already 

 pointed out, are : overfeeding, sour or old milk, feeding 

 cold milk, dirty pails, troughs, or stalls. The main thing to 

 do is to prevent these troubles by keeping the conditions 

 right all the time. 



