COMMON AILMENTS OF CATTLE 331 



herd. The heifers that are bred for the first time and have 

 no chance to be infected with the germs of abortion should be 

 bred to a bull that is never allowed to serve a cow that has 

 aborted. In addition to the above, all the cows should 

 receive hypodermic injections of a 2 per cent solution of 

 carbolic acid in doses of 25 to 50 cubic centimeters as often 

 as every two weeks, beginning at about the fourth month of 

 pregnancy. In case there is special reason for fearing abor- 

 tion with certain animals, it is recommended that the injec- 

 tion of carbolic acid is increased until the pupil of the eye 

 is seen to dilate. 



The above recommendations regarding the treatment of 

 contagious abortion is that taught by the best veterinarians. 

 It has been followed by many breeders with good success, 

 while others have not been able to check the progress of 

 the disease. It is probable that in the latter cases the 

 treatment was not thorough in some particulars. Halfway 

 measures are of no value in a case of this kind. 



Where only one herd bull is used in a herd when signs of 

 abortion occurs, or in case the bull is a valuable animal and 

 has been exposed to abortion, care should be taken to dis- 

 infect the sheath before and after serving any of the cows 

 in the herd. This can best be done by irrigating the sheath 

 with any of the solutions mentioned above by using a large 

 syringe. It is also recommended to give the bull hypo- 

 dermic injections of carbolic acid and keep him isolated 

 from the herd. 



Udder Troubles. One of the most common troubles 

 with dairy cows, especially among highly developed milk pro- 

 ducers, is inflammation of the udder. It varies in severity 

 from a mild case, when the milk is slightly stringy for a few 



