companies, which owns over 600,000 acres of forest lands 

 scattered over a wide area. This company employs a chief 

 forester, nine district chiefs, one hundred foremen and the 

 necessary labourers, all of whom devote their entire time to 

 forest operations. The chief forester and the district chiefs 

 are well paid and are each provided with a home which is also 

 the forest headquarters for the district. All the chiefs are 

 trained foresters and have been through the technical schools 

 established for that purpose. This company has also accom- 

 plished what few state or private owners have succeeded in 

 doing, having made a complete survey of their forests and 

 learning to a certainty the amount of available timber, the 

 annual growth and all other details. By means of this survey 

 they have been enabled to map out their forest program for 

 years in advance. 



Finland's total area comprises approximately 144,250 

 square miles, of which about 17,000 square miles, or 

 11.75%, consist of inland waters. More than one-half of the land 

 area is made up of forests. There are about 73,000 square miles 

 which produce merchantable timber, of which about 58,000 

 square miles are classed as highly productive. About one- 

 third of Finland's land area lies north of the Arctic circle and 

 includes most of the less productive forests. 



The State owns about 38 per cent, of all the land, in- 

 cluding 20,000 square miles of productive forests. (There 

 are private companies in Canada which control almost as 

 great a forest area.) Private companies own a greater pro- 

 portion of the best forests, their holdings approximating 38,000 

 square miles. The State sells the standing timber on its 

 holdings by methods similar to Sweden's and makes adequate 

 provision for its replacement. Private owners are restricted 

 as to the uses of their forests and are not allowed to cut in 

 any manner that is considered injurious to future development. 

 When they cut the land clean, as they sometimes do, they 

 are obliged to replant it. 



Selective cutting is generally practiced, the trees being 

 taken out with due regard to the effect produced on those 

 left standing. Drainage is resorted to for the purpose of in- 

 creasing production, and thinning is carried out in a scientific 



