An important feature in helping to bring about these 

 desirable results is to be found in the fact that all logging in 

 Swedish forests is supervised by the forester. In Canada, in 

 most instances, the forestry and the logging departments are 

 separate and independent institutions. They are frequently 

 antagonistic. The former is usually concerned with scientific 

 forestry and with making the most of the raw material; the 

 latter's principal object is to make as many logs at as low cost 

 as possible. In Sweden the forester is in full charge. He will 

 not permit the sacrifice of the future forest even for a tempor- 

 ary benefit of cheap logs. It is a point well worth the con- 

 sideration of Canadian lumbermen and limit-holders. 



ARTICLE No. II. 



CO-OPERATION BETWEEN THE STATE AND THE 

 PRIVATE FOREST OWNERS IN SWEDEN 



STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, JUNE 5. Co-operation between the 

 State and the owners of the private forests accounts in a large 

 measure for Sweden's pre-eminence in forest development. 

 The State's liberality in providing the means, its wisdom in 

 enacting reasonable laws for the preservation of the forests 

 and to provide for their continuity, combined with the private 

 owners' willing compliance therewith, constitute the second 

 most important factor. 



There is apparently no conflict between the State and the 

 private owners in these matters. Swedish forests have been 

 under legal control for more than seven centuries. There are 

 few general laws applicable to the entire country. Different 

 laws apply to different provinces or districts. Their enforce- 

 ment and supervision are invested in local forest commissions, 

 one for each province, which in turn is answerable to the 

 State Forest Service, which has general supervision both of 

 the forest laws and of the State-owned forests. The com- 

 missions usually comprise in their membership a representa- 

 tive of the State, one of the private owners and one of the 

 immediate district concerned. Besides enforcing the law and 

 arbitrating disputes, they maintain forest nurseries and dis- 

 tribute plants and seeds for purposes of reforestation. They 

 encourage the planting of idle lands and promote local interest 

 in tree culture. Their expenses are met by means of a small 

 tax imposed on the stumpage values of the timber cut in their 



