METALLURGY. 9o 



charcoal is 13.2 pounds of silicon pig, 90.4 pounds of 

 manganese ore, 4.4 pounds of lime, 8.4 pounds of cinder, 

 and up to 19.8 pounds of quartz sand. In 24 hours, 40 

 charges pass through the furnace, yielding 1.1 to 1.2 tons 

 of metal. The cinder has the following composition : 



I. II. 



Si0 2 , 40.75 38.85 



Al 2 0s, ... ... ... ... 13.44 12.13 



MnO ... ... ... ... 31.06 33.40 



FeO, ... ... ... ... 1.21 1.22 



CaO, ... ... ... 11.43 11.99 



MgO, ... ... 1.56 1.86' 



There are three terms in frequent use in connection with 

 manufacturing industries in Russia fabrique, usine, and 

 zavod. Zavod appears to be the designation given to 

 large establishments for the founding and casting of 

 metals, and the manufacture of large machinery. Fabrique 

 is applied to what in English might be designated a 

 manufactory, being applicable to manufactories of cloth, 

 chemical preparations, candlemaking, coachbuilding, and 

 other variations of carpentry and smith work. Usine 

 seems to be applied to smelting works in connection with 

 mines.' 



