54 ELEMENTARY FORESTRY. 



For High Prairie Soils in Northern Minnesota. Cot- 

 tonwood, White Willow, Boxelder and White Elm in equal 

 quantities, with a scattering of fruit plants. White Spruce and 

 native Red Cedar might also be used in a small way. 



Lists of trees commonly planted, arranged in the order of 

 their hardiness: Deciduous trees Green Ash, White Willow. 

 White Elm, Boxelder. Basswood, White Poplar, Hackberry, 

 Soft Maple, Canoe Birch and Yellow Locust. Evergreen trees 

 Red Cedar, Dwarf Mountain Pine, Jack Pine, Bull Pine, White 

 Spruce, Austrian Pine, Scotch Pine, Douglas Spruce, Norway 

 Pine, Norway Spruce and White Pine. 



Size of Trees. In the case of deciduous trees it is gener- 

 ally best to start with one year old thrifty seedlings, although 

 trees two years old may often be used to advantage. The Oak, 

 Walnut and similar trees are better started from seeds where 

 they are to remain, and the White Willow should be started from 

 cuttings. Seedling Elm, Ash and Cottonwood may often be 

 pulled from some river bank or lake shore, or bought of nursery 

 men at a very low figure, or they may be raised from seeds. 

 White Willow cuttings can generally be obtained from some 

 neighbor or from nurseries. In the case of conifers, transplanted 

 seedlings should be used. Whatever the source of any stock 

 that is to be planted, it should be thrifty and vigorous and not 

 weak or diseased. 



Methods of Planting. The methods used in prairie plant- 

 ing are much the same as for transplanting in the nursery. In 

 every case much pains should be taken to have the soil in the 

 best condition. It is generally better to delay planting for a 

 year than to attempt it in poorly prepared soil. Tree plantings 

 have been made on our prairies by sowing tree seeds broadcast 

 in autumn after first carefully preparing the soil, but the plan is 

 seldom successful. A start can, however, be made from seeds by 

 planting the seeds in hills either alone or with corn or beans. 

 In the latter case the tree seedlings often do very well and do not 

 interfere with the growth of the crop. The seedlings are culti- 

 vated in the spring after the crop is removed and as they are in 

 rows this is a very simple matter. The common and generally 

 most successful plan with trees that can be easily transplanted 

 is to start with seedlings and plant in rows. The simplest and 

 easiest way of doing this is to furrow one way, mark out the 



