62 ELEMENTARY FORESTRY. 



the time of cutting and there was a young growth of one or the 

 other kind which had a chance to grow when its competitor was 

 removed. Where land is severely burned after being cut over, 

 the trees that show first are generally the kinds with seeds that 

 float long distances in the wind, such as Poplar and Birch, or 

 those having fruits especially liked by birds, such as the Bird 

 Cherry, which is very widely distributed. These show first on 

 account of getting started first. The pine and the other trees 

 may come in later owing to their being seeded later or owing 

 to the later advent of conditions favorable to their germination 

 and growth. It may happen in the case of burnt-over pine land 

 that pine seed is distributed over it the first year after it is 

 burned, but owing to there being no protection from the sun 

 the young seedlings of White and Norway Pine which are very 

 delicate, are destroyed. After a young growth of Poplars has 

 appeared the pine seed may find just the right conditions for 

 growth for a few years and finally get ahead of the poplars and 

 crowd them out, while in the meantime it is being much 

 improved by the presence of the poplars, which grow rapidly 

 and force the pines to make a tall growth. On the other hand, 

 however, the poplars, birches and other trees and shrubs and 

 even weeds may sometimes make so strong a growth as to kill 

 out the young pine seedlings if they are not sufficiently well 

 established at the time the mature growth is cut. 



Regeneration is a term commonly used in forestry to sig- 

 nify the renewal of forest trees upon the land. It is a convenient 

 term and well worthy of general introduction into the forest 

 literature of this country. The different forms of regeneration 

 may be referred to as (i)' regeneration by natural seeding, (2) 

 regeneration by artificial seeding, (3) regeneration by sprouts 

 and suckers, (4) regeneration by planting seedlings, (5) regen- 

 eration by planting cuttings. The method of regeneration best 

 adapted for one section may not be at all fitted for another under 

 different conditions, and often it is best to combine two or more 

 of the different forms of regeneration. 



Regeneration by Seed. Where natural regeneration by 

 seed can be easily brought about, it is generally the best practice. 

 This is especially true in sections where timber is comparatively 

 cheap, as is generally the case in this country. It may be 

 greatly assisted by stirring the surface of the soil in good seed 



