REGENERATION BY ARTIFICIAL SEEDING. G5 



the best. It gives a chance to adapt the method of cutting to 

 the different species and to the different conditions which may 

 be found in the forest. For instance, a tamarack swamp, dry 

 knoll covered with oak, a steep hillside, and level, rich, rocky 

 land, each covered with the trees peculiar to it, would very 

 likely all be included in almost any forest tract of any considera- 

 ble size in the northern states, and each portion should receive 

 special treatment. We can begin with one group or several, 

 and we can start our regeneration in each group perhaps where 

 there is already a good growth of young trees. In fact this sys- 

 tem gives us a chance to begin regeneration where the greatest 

 necessity or the best chance for it already exists. 



The size of the opening will depend here as in the strip 

 method on the species grown and their conditions. Generally 

 the first openings will be from one-fourth to one-half acre or 

 more, and the strips taken around it should in width not greatly 

 exceed the height of the trees in the strip next to be cut. 



Of course the regeneration in any case should be managed 

 with the same care that should be given to any well managed 

 forest to bring about the predominance of the most valuable 

 kinds under the best light and soil conditions. 



Regeneration by Artificial Seeding. Occasionally it may 

 be desirable to sow seed in woodlands. This is especially so in 

 the case of some of our nut trees such as black walnut, butter- 

 nut and oaks, which readily renew themselves by such means. 

 In the case of pine and Spruce, however, success is quite uncer- 

 tain under such treatment. Perhaps it is most certain with pine 

 and spruce where it is practicable to furrow out with the nlow, 

 as for instance it might be on some of the sandy lands of Min- 

 nesota where furrows might be run between the trees or the 

 land loosened in patches with a hoe. In this case the standing 

 trees afford the proper shade conditions for the seedlings. In 

 the case of clear fields, it is quite a simple matter to sow the seed 

 in furrows. Where the moss is thick on the surface of the soil, 

 it is a good plan to cut it off in squares, or long strips may be 

 sown after preparation. The seed will seldom grow if it is sown 

 in deep or thick moss. Where seed is sown broadcast over 

 ordinary forest land the seedlings are liable to be killed out by 

 the weeds, which generally come in quickly as soon as the sun- 

 light is allowed upon the soil. Pine and many other seeds are 

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