GLOSSARY. 387 



Rudimentary. Imperfectly developed or in an early state of de- 

 velopment. 



Samara. A winged fruit, (e. g. Maple.) 



Saprophyte. A plant which lives upon and obtains its food from 

 dead organic matter. 



Sapwood. The outer or latest formed wood of a woody plant. 

 (Page 12.) 



Sawing. The two methods used in sawing are termed tangential 

 sawing and quarter sawing, q. v. 



Scion. The part inserted in the stock in the various processes 

 of graftage. 



Seed. The body containing the embryo plant; the ripened ovule. 



Seedling. In nursery practice a young plant grown from seed 

 and not having been transplanted. 



Seeding tree. A tree, sufficiently mature, to produce fruit. 



Seed variety. A variety that comes true from seed. 



Sepal. One of the divisions of the calyx. 



Serrate. Saw-toothed, (e. g. leaves of Balm of Gilead.) 



Sessile. Without stalk. 



Sheath. In pines, the case-like part surrounding the base of the 

 needle cluster. 



Shrub. A woody plant with no main stem or trunk; a bush. 



Silver grain. Bands or plates of medullary rays exposed radi- 

 ally on longitudinal section. 



Simple. Composed of one part; not compound. 



Sinuate. Strongly wavy. 



Sinus. An indentation. 



Solar- pit. (Page 89.) 



Spatulate. Shaped like a spatula; broadly rounded at the apex; 

 tapering toward the base. 



Species. A division of a genus, the plants of which seem to be 

 derived from an immediate common ancestor. 



Species class. A group of trees of the same species made in for- 

 est survey. 



Specific gravity. Weight compared with distilled water at 4 

 degrees Centigrade. Where used here with reference to 

 wood it refers to absolutely dry wood unless otherwise 

 noted. 



Spike. A simple dense raceme-like inflorescence with flowers 

 sessile or nearly so. 



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