37 



cultural societies, and 400 (in 1921, 458) smaller local forest and agri- 

 cultural societies. The Tapio Society publishes its own periodical, 

 the Tapio, of which a condensed Swedish edition appeared earlier 

 under the title Uppsatser i skogsbruk, and also other forestry 

 literature, assists the agricultural societies in the part of their work 

 relating to silviculture, arranges meetings, excursions and advisory 

 courses, collects and publishes statistics regarding private forests 

 and draws up the annual reports of the forestry activities of the 

 societies which obtain State subsidies for the purpose. The Tapio 

 has its own nurseries and seed-kiln, and takes part otherwise in the 

 trade of plants and seeds. The State subsidy allowed the Tapio 

 for 1922 rose to 75,000 marks. The actual local advisory and guid- 

 ance work is done through the agency of the 22 agricultural societies 

 which employ professional forest superintendents and foremen who 

 have passed through the forestry schools. These societies receive 

 annually, among other grants, a certain sum specially for the sprea- 

 ding of forestry. An idea of the proportions of the Tapic> and its 

 member-societies is given by the following. 



The number of members in the societies forming the Tapio 

 was: 



1908 11 250 persons 



1912, 20 300 



1921* 26 500 



In the year 1921, the agricultural societies employed 13 forest 

 superintendents as forestry experts and 32 forestry-foremen as ad- 

 visers. The number of these officials was much greater before the 

 Avar: e.g., 18 of the former and 48 of the latter in 1912. During the 

 years 1911 1914, when activity was at its highest, the annual number 

 of official acts executed by them varied between 900010000. 



The central organization for co-operative work in Finland, the 

 Pellervo-Seura has also included co-operation in forestry in its 

 programme. For the purpose, it possessed earlier a special Forest 

 Office, which has now, however, been abolished. 



Acting chiefly among professional silviculturalists, there are the 

 Suomen Metsdnhoitoyhdistys (Finnish Silvicultural Society), esta- 

 blished in 1877 and the comparatively much younger Yksityismetsdn- 

 hoitajayhdistys (Private Foresters' Society). Together with the 

 Suomen Uittajainyhdistys (Society of Finnish Timber-floaters) the 

 two latter publish a silvicultural magazine, Met>sdtaloudellinen Aika- 

 kauskirja. The forestry-foremen have also their own society and 

 magazine, Metsdmies. For the improving of private silviculture 

 in the Swedish-speaking districts there is the Foreningen for skogs- 



